|
 |
| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 11
| Issue : 2 | Page : 68-79 |
|
|
A study to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Kuldeep Verma, Gita Ram Tegta, Ghanshyam Verma, Mudita Gupta, Ajeet Negi, Reena Sharma
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| Date of Web Publication | 9-Apr-2019 |
Correspondence Address:
Kuldeep Verma
1365, Ram Janki Puram Colony, Mehndi Bagh, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_64_18
 Abstract | | |
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men with limited treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is one of the newer treatment options in the management of AGA which has shown promising results. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy of PRP therapy with minoxidil therapy. Materials and Methods: In the study, patients were randomized into two groups – Group A (given PRP therapy) and Group B (given minoxidil therapy). Both groups were followed up over a period of 6 months, and final analysis was done with the help of global photography, hair pull test, standardized hair growth questionnaire, patient satisfaction score; in addition, a comparison of platelet counts in PRP was done, to know that if a clinical correlation exists between platelet concentration and clinical improvement. A total of 40 patients clinically diagnosed with AGA were enrolled in the study with 20 patients in each group. Four patients from Group A (PRP) and six patients from Group B (minoxidil) could not complete the treatment for 6 months and were eventually excluded. Results: At the end of 6 months, 30 patients were evaluated to compare the efficacy of intradermal PRP and topical minoxidil therapy. On global photography, Group A (PRP) was found to have a comparatively better outcome than Group B (minoxidil). In hair pull test, hair growth questionnaire, and patient satisfaction score, Group A was found to be better than Group B. Mean platelet count at baseline was 3.07 ± 0.5 lac/mm, 3 while platelet count in final PRP prepared was 12.4 ± 1.7 lac/mm, and patients with a higher platelet count in PRP had a much better clinical improvement compared to patients with a low platelet count in PRP. Side effects with PRP therapy were minimal with better results which may improve the compliance of the patient. Conclusion: PRP therapy can be a valuable alternative to topical minoxidil therapy in the treatment of AGA.
Keywords: Androgenetic alopecia, minoxidil, platelet-rich plasma
How to cite this article:
Verma K, Tegta GR, Verma G, Gupta M, Negi A, Sharma R. A study to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Trichol 2019;11:68-79 |
How to cite this URL:
Verma K, Tegta GR, Verma G, Gupta M, Negi A, Sharma R. A study to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil therapy for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Trichol [serial online] 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 6];11:68-79. Available from: https://www.ijtrichology.com/text.asp?2019/11/2/68/255701 |
| Introduction | |  |
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hereditary and androgen-dependent dermatological disorder characterized by miniaturization of scalp hair in a defined pattern.[1] There is an alteration in the hair cycle dynamics leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair follicles.[2] Due to the limited treatment options, it is a growing concern for dermatologist worldwide.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medical treatment options for the management of AGA are topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. Various other treatments have been tried beside FDA-approved options.[3]
Most of the existing treatment options are relatively slow to act because of which there has been a continuous search for newer modality of treatment among which platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has shown promising results. PRP is autologous preparation of platelets in concentrated plasma.[4] It contains more than 20 growth factors (GF), of which most important GFs include platelet-derived GFs, transforming GF-ß, vascular endothelial GF, and insulin-like GF-1 along with their isoforms.[4] In AGA, PRP induces differentiation of stem cells, prolongs survival of dermal papilla cells, prolongs anagen phase of hair cycle, and increases perifollicular vascular plexus by multiple mechanisms through various GFs.[5],[6]
This study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy of PRP therapy and minoxidil therapy which may help us to know that which is more efficacious, acceptable, and safe form of therapy in the management of AGA.
| Materials and Methods | | |
The study was conducted over 1 year with effect from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017. This prospective study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy of intradermal PRP and topical minoxidil therapy for the treatment of AGA patients attending the outdoor patient Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla (H. P).
A detailed history was taken to rule out other causes of hair loss such as telogen effluvium, history of any drugs, or history of any systemic disease. The patients were asked about lifestyle-related factors such as smoking and ultraviolet exposure which can aggravate AGA. Patients were asked for family history of AGA. A thorough clinical examination was performed in eligible patients to rule out any local dermatological disorder of the scalp, and a diagnosis of AGA was made; grade of AGA was assigned as per the Modified Norwood–Hamilton criteria [2] [Annexure I].
Patients were counseled regarding the benefits, side effects, and limitations of both the treatment modalities. An informed written consent was then obtained after explaining the procedure. Enrolled patients were randomized into two groups – Groups A and B using sealed opaque envelope which contained a computer-generated random number. Group A underwent monthly injections of PRP for 4 months while Group B was given treatment with topical minoxidil therapy alone which was applied as 1 ml twice daily for 6 months.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria of PRP and minoxidil therapy are mentioned below [Table 1] and [Table 2].
Groups A and B were assessed with the help of global photography,[3] hair pull test,[7] patient standardized hair growth questionnaire [Annexure II],[8] patient satisfaction score,[9] and platelet count in PRP. In global photography, a baseline and post treatment photographs at the end of the study period were taken and reviewed by blinded evaluator. Multiple images were taken to cover all areas of the scalp. Four specific views particularly focused were the vertex, mid-pattern, frontal, and temporal views. Hair pull test was done to assess the severity of disease at the start of treatment and then at 6 months. Patients were advised to withhold shampooing for 24 h before a hair pull test. In the hair pull test, about 60 hairs were grasped between the thumb and the index and middle fingers. The hairs were then gently but firmly pulled. More than six hairs or 10% of the total hairs obtained was taken as “positive” hair pull test while six or less hairs or <10% of the total hairs was taken as a “negative” hair pull test. Furthermore, patients assessed their scalp hair using a validated, self-administered hair growth questionnaire developed by Barber et al.[8] which included four questions in the patient's language on treatment efficacy and three questions on satisfaction with appearance. Each question was found to have a statistical significance in clinical trials in terms of patient perception of hair loss, satisfaction with hair appearance, and hair counts. Thus, it had certain reliability in monitoring response to treatment. However, we finally included only 6 questions out of total 7, omitting the second question of the questionnaire as it was difficult to be interpreted by most of our patients which could possibly result in interpretation error. Patient satisfaction score: patients were asked to interpret their satisfaction with either of the treatment provided at the end of treatment on a scale of 1–10. The mean of score was calculated in either of the group, and results were then statistically analyzed. Platelet count in PRP: final platelet count in PRP prepared was also calculated before injecting. The mean platelet count of four sessions of PRP was calculated in each patient in Group A to evaluate any correlation between platelet count and response to treatment.
Method to prepare PRP: manual double-spin technique was used. About 25–35 ml of venous blood was drawn into a tube-containing anticoagulant sodium citrate, to avoid platelets activation and degranulation. Blood was processed for the first centrifugation (soft spin) at approximately 1500 rpm for 5 min, which separated blood into three layers, namely, bottom-most red blood cell (RBC) layer (around 55% of total volume), topmost acellular plasma layer (platelet poor plasma [PPP]) which is around 40% of total volume, and an intermediate PRP layer (around 5% of total volume) called the buffy coat [Figure 1]. Using a sterile syringe PPP, PRP and some RBCs were transferred into another tube without an anticoagulant. This tube underwent a second centrifugation, which was longer and faster than the first spin (hard spin). Hard spin was performed at around 2500 rpm for 15 min. This allowed the platelets (PRP) to settle at the bottom of the tube with a very few RBCs. PPP (80% of the volume) was formed at the top [Figure 2]. Most of the PPP was removed with a syringe and discarded, and the remaining PRP was shaken well and platelet count in PRP was performed using automated device. The PRP formed was collected into an insulin syringe, already containing calcium gluconate which acted as an activator by nullifying action of anticoagulant [Figure 3]. Ratio of calcium gluconate and PRP in insulin syringe was 1:9. PRP thus formed was injected intradermally in a dose of 0.1–0.2 ml per injection approximately 1 cm apart in interfollicular areas, at a monthly interval for 4 months [Figure 4].
In Group B, the patient was advised topical minoxidil in a concentration of 5% for men in a dose of 1 ml which has to be applied twice daily.
Patients in Group A were followed up at every month for 6 months, while patients in Group B were followed up at every 3 months for 6 months. The improvement from either of the groups was assessed by global photography, hair pull test, patient standardized hair growth questionnaire, and patient satisfaction score. Quantitative variables were analyzed by mean ± standard deviation, using Epi-info version 7 (Developer: Centre of Disease control and prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA) and unpaired t-test was applied. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
| Results | | |
A total of 40 male suffering from AGA were enrolled in our study with 20 patients in each group. Four patients from Group A left the treatment in between because of the pain at injection site during the procedure while six patients from Group B left the treatment in between because they could not find any results even at 3–4 months of treatment. Thus, four patients from Group A and six patients from Group B were excluded from the study [Figure 5].
Patient's demographic and hair loss features at baseline are shown in [Table 3]. The treatment groups were not significantly different at baseline with respect to the age of the patients, the age of onset of hair loss, grade of hair loss, and family history.
Patients were divided from Grade I-V as per the modified Norwood–Hamilton scale. Most of the patients were classified into Grades II and IV in either of the group with not much significant difference among the two groups [Table 4].
Global photography
- Group A was found to have a comparatively better outcome than Group B
Hair pull test
It was done at the beginning of treatment and then at the end of 6 months. Twelve patients in Group A (75%) had a negative hair pull test compared to only six patients in Group B (42.8%); however, P value was not significant [Table 5].
Patient standardized hair growth questionnaire
- Question 1: Since the start of the study, I can see my bald spot getting smaller
- Results: Ten patients in Group A (62.5%) agreed that their bald spot was getting smaller while seven patients in Group B (50%) agreed that their bald spot was getting smaller; however, P value was not significant (0.5195) [Table 6]
- Question 2: Since the start of the study, how would you describe the growth of your hair?
- Results: Eight patients in Group A (50%) reported a moderate increase in hair growth compared to only one patient in Group B (7.1%), P value of which was statistically significant (0.014) [Table 7]
- Question 3: Since the start of the study, how effective do you think the treatment has been in slowing down your hair loss?
- Results: Six patients in Group A (37.5%) agreed that PRP therapy was very effective in slowing down hair loss compared to two patients in Group B (14.2%); however, P value was not significant (0.183) [Table 8]
- Question 4: Compared to the beginning of the study, which statement best describes your satisfaction with the appearance of?
- Front of the head: Three patients in Group A were satisfied with the appearance of hairs at the front of the head in Group A compared to four patients in Group B. Results were almost comparable in both the groups, and P value was not significant [Table 9]
- Top of the head: Fourteen patients (87.5%) in Group A were satisfied with the appearance of hair on the top of the head compared to five patients (37.71%) in Group B. P value was found to be highly significant (0.004) [Table 10]
- Your hair overall: Ten patients (62.5%) in Group A were satisfied in Group A compared to five patients (35.76%) in Group B; however, P value was not significant between the two groups [Table 11].
 | Table 6: Patients response when asked about their bald spot getting smaller since the start of the study:
Click here to view |
 | Table 7: Patients response when asked about the growth of their hair since the start of the study:
Click here to view |
 | Table 8: Patients response when asked about how effective the treatment was in slowing down their hair loss:
Click here to view |
 | Table 9: Patients response when asked about the satisfaction with the appearance of hair on front of the head:
Click here to view |
 | Table 10: Patients response when asked about the satisfaction with the appearance of hair on top of the head:
Click here to view |
 | Table 11: Patients response when asked about the satisfaction with the appearance of hair overall:
Click here to view |
Patient satisfaction score
Patients in Group A had a mean satisfaction score of 6.56 with standard deviation of 1.09 while patients in Group B had a mean satisfaction score of 4.85 with a standard deviation of 1.46. P value was found to be highly significant [Figure 13] and [Table 12].
Mean platelet counts and platelet count in platelet-rich plasma
An initial platelet count was done in all the patients of Group A using automated device, and the mean platelet count was 3.07 ± 0.5 lac/mm 3. Platelet count was again done in the final PRP prepared using the same automated device, and the mean PRP count was 12.4 ± 1.7 lac/mm 3 [Table 13].
Thus, platelet count in PRP was increased to four times the baseline platelet count which is considered optimal in most of the studies.
| Discussion | | |
AGA is one of the most common causes of hair loss encountered in general practice. Due to the limited treatment options available, there has been a continuous search for newer treatment options in AGA among which PRP therapy has shown promising results in the recent past.
Although many studies have been done in the past demonstrating the efficacy of minoxidil therapy and PRP therapy independently, there has not been much in the literature about the comparison of both forms of therapies. Hence, in this study, we compared already established minoxidil therapy with relatively newer PRP therapy which could help us to conclude that which is more safer, convenient, and efficient form of therapy in the treatment of AGA.
We used 25–35 ml of venous blood to prepare PRP, which was slightly higher as compared to studies by Betsi et al.,[9] Cervelli et al.,[6] Khatu et al.,[10] and Gkini et al.[11] who used 16 ml, 18 cc, 20 ml, and 16 ml of blood, respectively. In some studies such as Ubel et al.,[12] Greco and Brandt et al.,[13] and Kang et al.,[14] blood volume used was much higher as compared to our study, that is, 80 cc, 60 cc, and 60 ml, respectively.
PRP can be prepared by manual double-spin technique as well as with the help of automated devices. PRP was prepared by manual double-spin method in the present study, and similar methods of PRP preparation were also adopted by Ubel et al.[12] and Khatu et al.[10] PRP preparation through automated devices was preferred in studies such as Betsi et al.,[9] Cervelli et al.,[6] and Gkini et al.,[11] and average time taken by automated devices to separate PRP from blood was 5–10 min in a single spin at 1100–1500 g.
Regarding the use of activator in PRP, we used calcium gluconate which was also used by Gkini et al.[11] while other studies such as Khatu et al.[10] and Ubel et al.[12] used calcium chloride as an activator. Some studies such as Betsi et al.[9] and 'Greco and Brandt' et al.[13] have not mentioned the use of activator in their study.
In this study, the mean baseline platelet count was around 3 lac/mm3 which was increased to 12 lac/mm 3 in PRP after centrifugation. The findings were similar to Ubel et al.[12] where the final PRP concentration was 4–6 times the baseline. In studies by Cervelli et al.,[6] the platelet concentration in PRP mentioned was 14.84 lac/mm 3 while PRP concentration in the study by Gkini et al.[11] was 11.02 lac/mm 3. In other studies such as Greco and Brandt et al.,[13] Betsi et al.,[9] and Khatu et al.,[10] the final concentration in PRP was not mentioned [Table 14]. | Table 14: Summary of various studies showing mode of PRP preparation, activator used, platelet concentration, volume of PRP and sample size
Click here to view |
Even though PRP therapy has been used for over a decade in AGA, there are still no standard treatment protocols regarding number of sessions and interval between the two sessions for giving PRP therapy. We gave PRP therapy at a monthly interval for 4 months, that is, 4 sessions 1 month apart which was similar to Cervelli et al.[6] who gave PRP therapy at monthly interval for 3 months, that is, 3 sessions 1 month apart.
Evaluation methods used in our study were global photography, hair pull test, patient standardized hair growth questionnaire, and patient satisfaction score for both Groups A and B. Apart from this, mean platelet count and platelet counts in PRP were also calculated to clinically correlate with the improvement in the patients of PRP group. Similar evaluation methods were also used by Betsi et al.[9] which included clinical examination, digital images, hair pull test, and patient satisfaction score. In their study, all the patients (100%) had a negative hair pull test after third treatment, and patient satisfaction score was 7.0 on a scale of 1–10. In this study, negative hair pull test was in 12 out of 16 (75%) patients in Group A and mean patient satisfaction score was 6.56 ± 1.09 at the end of treatment. Khatu et al.[10] used global photography, clinical examination, and phototrichogram to evaluate response to treatment in PRP patients, and in their study, 81.81% of patients had negative hair pull test at 3 months (four sessions) of treatment which is slightly higher as compared to our study, that is, 75% at 6 months (four sessions), while patient satisfaction score was 7 on a scale of 1–10 which was almost comparable to our study [Table 15]. | Table 15: Treatment protocols, evaluation methods, and results of various studies in comparison to the present study for Group A (platelet-rich plasma group)
Click here to view |
Multiple randomized control trials as well as case series have already established the effectiveness of topical minoxidil therapy for the management of AGA.
In 2002, Olsen et al.[15] conducted a randomized clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil solution versus 2% topical minoxidil solution and placebo in the treatment of AGA. Patients were given treatment for 48 weeks, and after 48 weeks of therapy, 5% topical minoxidil was significantly superior to 2% minoxidil and placebo in terms of change from baseline in nonvellus hair count (18.6 ± 25.4 in 5% minoxidil vs. 12.7 ± 20.7 in 2% minoxidil vs. 3.9 ± 21.7 in placebo group). Evaluation methods used included hair counts which were obtained from computer-assisted scans of macrophotographs of clipped hair in a 1 cm 2 target evaluation area in the balding vertex scalp, patient self-assessment, and investigator assessment of hair growth using validated hair growth questionnaires. In this study, a different standardized hair growth questionnaire was used for evaluating efficacy of both forms of treatments along with other variables such as global photography, hair pull test, and patient satisfaction score which were not included in the study by Olsen et al.
A randomized study was done by Tsuboi et al.[16] which compared 5% and 1% minoxidil solution for the treatment of AGA in Japanese male patients. They found that after 18 weeks, the mean change in hair count was 22.3 in Group 1 (5% minoxidil) and 17.2 in Group 2 (1% minoxidil) yielding a P value of 0.009 which was statistically significant. Evaluation methods used were photography of hair with CCD microscope system, investigator assessment, and patient self-assessment using a 5-point scale: (i) markedly improved; (ii) moderately improved; (iii) slightly improved; (iv) unchanged; and (v) worsened. In this study, a different standardized hair growth questionnaire was used for evaluating efficacy of both forms of treatments along with other variables discussed in results which were not included in the study by Tsuboi et al.
Recently, Navarro et al.[17] retrospectively compared plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) and topical minoxidil therapy for the treatment of AGA. Evaluation methods used were diagnostic trichograms to analyze the anagen/telogen hair change improvement. PRGF-treated patients showed higher anagen hair increase compared to minoxidil-treated ones (6.9% ± 0.4% and 4.6% ± 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Telogen hair decrease was also higher in PRGF group (5.7% ± 0.3% and 2.6% ± 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Differences for both anagen/telogen improvement percentages between PRGF and minoxidil protocols proved to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Global photographs showed an overall volume and quality hair improvement for both treatments. In this study also, intradermal PRP therapy was found to be superior to topical minoxidil therapy for the treatment of AGA although the evaluation method was different except for global photography.
To the best of our knowledge, this was the first prospective study comparing the efficacy of PRP and minoxidil therapy for the treatment of AGA where we concluded that intradermal PRP therapy (Group A) was better than topical minoxidil therapy (Group B). PRP patients had a better outcome on global photography, hair pull test, patient satisfaction score, and patient standardized hair growth questionnaire. Side effects in patients in PRP group were mainly pain at injection site because of which four patients left the treatment and were excluded. No significant side effects were observed in Group B patients except for mild scaling but six patients in this group left medication because they found it to be ineffective even at 3–4 months of treatment and were eventually excluded from the study.
| Conclusion | | |
PRP therapy can be a valuable adjuvant to topical minoxidil therapy in the treatment of AGA. Side effects with PRP therapy were minimal with better results which may improve the compliance of the patient. It can be especially preferred in those patients who are unsatisfied or are noncompliant to regular use of minoxidil or oral finasteride therapy. Thus, both forms of therapies can be combined together for improved compliance and better outcome. Major limitation of this study was a small sample size, study period, and no use of unit area trichoscopic analysis for hair density.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, Voudouris S. The natural history of androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2005;4:41-3.  |
| 2. | Kaliyadan F, Nambiar A, Vijayaraghavan S. Androgenetic alopecia: An update. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:613-25. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 3. | Blumeyer A, Tosti A, Messenger A, Reygagne P, Del Marmol V, Spuls PI, et al. Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011;9 Suppl 6:S1-57. |
| 4. | Landesberg R, Roy M, Glickman RS. Quantification of growth factor levels using a simplified method of platelet-rich plasma gel preparation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:297-300. |
| 5. | Li ZJ, Choi HI, Choi DK, Sohn KC, Im M, Seo YJ, et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma: A potential therapeutic tool for promoting hair growth. Dermatol Surg 2012;38:1040-6. |
| 6. | Cervelli V, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Cervelli G, Curcio BC, Scioli MG, et al. The effect of autologous activated platelet rich plasma (AA-PRP) injection on pattern hair loss: Clinical and histomorphometric evaluation. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:760709. |
| 7. | Hillmann K, Blume-Peytavi U. Diagnosis of hair disorders. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2009;28:33-8. |
| 8. | Barber BL, Kaufman KD, Kozloff RC, Girman CJ, Guess HA. A hair growth questionnaire for use in the evaluation of therapeutic effects in men. J Dermatol Treat 1998;9:181-6. |
| 9. | Betsi EE, Germain E, Kalbermatten DF, Tremp M, Emmenegger V. Platelet-rich plasma injection is effective and safe for the treatment of alopecia. Eur J Plast Surg 2013;36:407-12. |
| 10. | Khatu SS, More YE, Gokhale NR, Chavhan DC, Bendsure N. Platelet-rich plasma in androgenic alopecia: Myth or an effective tool. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014;7:107-10. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 11. | Gkini MA, Kouskoukis AE, Tripsianis G, Rigopoulos D, Kouskoukis K. Study of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia through an one-year period. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014;7:213-9. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 12. | Uebel CO, da Silva JB, Cantarelli D, Martins P. The role of platelet plasma growth factors in male pattern baldness surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:1458-66. |
| 13. | Greco J, Brandt R. The effects of autologous platelet rich plasma and various growth factors on non-transplanted miniaturized hair. Hair Transplant Forum Int 2009;19:49-50. |
| 14. | Kang JS, Zheng Z, Choi MJ, Lee SH, Kim DY, Cho SB, et al. The effect of CD34+ cell-containing autologous platelet-rich plasma injection on pattern hair loss: A preliminary study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014;28:72-9. |
| 15. | Olsen EA, Dunlap FE, Funicella T, Koperski JA, Swinehart JM, Tschen EH, et al. A randomized clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil versus 2% topical minoxidil and placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Invest Dermatol 2002;47:377-85. |
| 16. | Tsuboi R, Arano O, Nishikawa T, Yamada H, Katsuoka K. Randomized clinical trial comparing 5% and 1% topical minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in Japanese men. J Dermatol 2009;36:437-46. |
| 17. | Navarro MR, Asín M, Martínez MA, Martínez AM, Molina C, Moscoso L, et al. Management of androgenetic alopecia: A comparative clinical study between plasma rich in growth factors and topical minoxidil. Eur J Plast Surg 2016;39:173-80. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9], [Figure 10], [Figure 11], [Figure 12], [Figure 13]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6], [Table 7], [Table 8], [Table 9], [Table 10], [Table 11], [Table 12], [Table 13], [Table 14], [Table 15]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Platelet-derived chemokines promote skeletal muscle regeneration by guiding neutrophil recruitment to injured muscles |
|
| Flavia A. Graca, Anna Stephan, Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier, Abbas Shirinifard, Yong-Dong Wang, Fabio Demontis, Myriam Labelle | | Nature Communications. 2023; 14(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Efficacy of autologous Platelet-rich plasma therapy versus topical Minoxidil in men with moderate androgenetic alopecia: A randomized open-label trial |
|
| Mithinkumar Balasundaram, Rashmi Kumari, Sivaranjini Ramassamy | | Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2023; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: Current Guidance and Unmet Needs |
|
| Michael Kaiser, Rama Abdin, Simonetta I Gaumond, Naiem T Issa, Joaquin J Jimenez | | Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 2023; Volume 16: 1387 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of female patients with chronic telogen effluvium: A randomised, controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial |
|
| Reham Ezz El-Dawla, Maryam Abdelhaleem, Amr Abdelhamed | | Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2022; 0: 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Combination therapy with platelet-rich plasma and minoxidil leads to better clinical results than monotherapy with these methods in men with androgenetic alopecia |
|
| EPakhomova Elena, OSmirnova Irina | | International Journal of Trichology. 2022; 14(1): 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
A study to compare the efficacy and safety of platelet rich plasma and topical minoxidil fortified with finasteride in the treatment of androgenic alopecia in male patients |
|
| Karaninder Singh Mehta, Hitender K Sharma, Pushpinder Singh Chauhan, VK Mahajan, Monika Chandel, Yograj Verma, Sheenam Hooda, Anuj Sharma | | IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2022; 8(2): 91 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
A study to assess the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide laser with topical platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia |
|
| Sujirod Hanthavichai, Nutthinee Archavarungson, Thanwa Wongsuk | | Lasers in Medical Science. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Actualización en el tratamiento de la alopecia androgénica |
|
| Alfonso Mogedas-Vegara, Eugènia Agut-Busquet, Miquel Ribera Pibernat | | Piel. 2021; 36(6): 408 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Autologes plättchenreiches Plasma in der Behandlung der Alopezie |
|
| Bruce Reith | | Aktuelle Dermatologie. 2021; 47(12): 534 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Regenerative Medicine Treatments for Androgenetic Alopecia |
|
| Venkataram Mysore, Sajin Alexander, Suman Nepal, Aniketh Venkataram | | Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Therapeutic implications of topical cetirizine 1% in treatment of male androgenetic alopecia: A case-controlled study |
|
| Mohamed S. Zaky, Hassan Abo Khodeir, Hebat-Allah Ahmed, Mohamed L. Elsaie | | Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2021; 20(4): 1154 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Minoxidil, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), or Combined Minoxidil and PRP for Androgenetic Alopecia in Men: A Cost-Effectiveness Markov Decision Analysis of Prospective Studies |
|
| Kevin M Klifto, Sammy Othman, Stephen J Kovach | | Cureus. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Comparative Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of PRP-Therapy, Minoxidil, and Their Combination with Immunohistochemical Study of the Dynamics of Cell Proliferation in the Treatment of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia |
|
| Elena E. Pakhomova, Irina O. Smirnova | | International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(18): 6516 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Platelet-rich plasma: The journey so far ! |
|
| Akanksha Kaushik, MuthuSendhil Kumaran | | Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2020; 11(5): 685 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia in Women: A Single-Center Case Series Study in Qatar |
|
| Mohamed Ahmed Syed, Samya Sami A.S. Abushaikha | | International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology. 2020; 3(4): 228 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Platelet-Rich plasma in androgenic alopecia: Myth or an effective tool |
|
| Yeshwant Lamture, Aditya Mundada, Varsha Gajbhiye | | Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2019; 14(3): 137 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
